Application of the isolated anterior surgery for the treatment of low-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis
Keywords:
Anterior lumbar interbody fusion, low-grade isthmic spondylolisthesisAbstract
Введение. Передний поясничный межтеловой спондилодез (ALIF) на уровне L5-S1 является эффективным средством лечения дегенеративно-дистрофических заболеваний позвоночника, но остается спорным при истмическом спондилолистезе L5 низкой степени. Общепринятыми методами (золотым стандартом) являются PLIF или TLIF (mis vs open), дополненные транспедикулярной стабилизацией [1,2,3]. При оценке результатов хирургического лечения нет данных о том, что задний спондилодезит превосходит ALIF. В настоящее время мы проанализировали результаты хирургического лечения спондилолистеза L5 позвонка с учетом параметров сагиттального баланса по методике ALIF с внешней фиксацией пластинки.
Цель . Исследование было направлено на оценку клинико-рентгенологических результатов лечения и анализ эффективности и безопасности изолированного переднего межтелового спондилодеза (ALIF) с одномоментной внешней фиксацией пластинами при лечении истмического спондилолистеза L5 низкой степени, а также на выявление факторов риска. на несостоятельность металлофиксации и развитие ложного сустава.
Материалы и методы. A retrospective analysis of patients operated on for low grade isthmic L5 spondylolisthesis was performed. A total of 196 patients were treated in the period from 2015 to 2020. Out of themб patients operated on using the isolated ALIF technique with external plate fixation were allocated into a separate group: 29 patients with low grade isthmic L5 spondylolisthesis (out of them 16 (55.2%) were women). Mean age was 40.3 ± 12.2 (from 20 to 77) years. Analysis included age, gender, clinical data: body mass index (BMI), comorbidity, data of the Visual Analogue Scale for pain (VAS) and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) questionnaires. The X-ray findings were used to evaluate parameters of sagittal modifiers: PI (Pelvic Incidence), SS (Sacral Slope), PT (Pelvic Tilt), LL (lumbal Lordosis), SL (Segmental Lordosis), LL4-S1. The degree of the L5 vertebra translation and the type of spondylolisthesis (according to the SDSG classification) were also assessed [5]. The spiral computed tomography (SCT) was used postoperatively in all 29 patients to monitor the presence of malposition and the fusion rate.
Results. The long-term outcome was followed-up over a period of 12 to 72 months. According to X-ray data, patients were divided into three groups: Group 1 included 15 patients (51.7%) with grade I fusion according to the Bridwell scale, regression of vertebral pain syndrome (VAS score 7.7 ± 2 pre-op, 2.6 ± 1.2 post-op; ODI: 78.9± 10.5 pre-op, 12.3± 2.7 post-op); Group 2 included 5 patients (17.2%) with fracture of fixing plate screws and Bridwell grade I-II, regression of vertebral pain syndrome (VAS score 8.4 ± 1.6 pre-op, 2.7 ± 1, 3 post-op; ODI; 78.4± 5.9 pre-op, 18.4± 8.5 post-op); and Group 3 included 9 patients (31.1%) with fracture of fixing plate screws, Bridwell grade IV, development of pseudarthrosis, persistent vertebral pain syndrome (VAS score 8±1.7 pre-op, 5.7±2.4 post-op; ODI: 79.4±6.1 pre-op, 38.2±18.6 post-op). Patients of Group 3 underwent reoperation within 7 to 11 months after initial procedure (since pseudarthrosis was detected at the control examination 6 months after surgery). Reoperation was performed as a MIS transpedicular fixation at the L5-S1 level (post-op VAS 3.3±1.6; ODI 25.2±3.7).
Выявлен ряд параметров, влияющих на несостоятельность спондилодеза и развитие псевдоартроза: наличие истмического спондилолистеза, дооперационный объем роста L5 более 6 мм, тазовый угол (PI) ≥60°.
Заключение . Исследование имело ряд ограничений, поскольку оно является ретроспективным и включает в себя группы пациентов. Но, на наш взгляд, использование методики ALIF с внешней фиксацией обеспечивает хорошие результаты при учете параметров сагиттального баланса и вычисляет предикторы несостоятельности спондилодеза. Выявлен ряд параметров, влияющих на развитие ложного сустава: SDSG 3 типа, дооперационная трансляция L5 позвонка более 6 мм, PI ≥60°.
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